Ntchito yotchinga ya botolo lazodzikongoletsera ndi chofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo chapakhomo.
Zida zonyamula zodzoladzola nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zinthu za polima monga polyethylene (PE), koma zikafika pazinthu zabwino zotchinga, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene- Vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) ndi zinthu zomwe timakonda nthawi zambiri. tchulani.
Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka pulasitiki kakuwonetsa kuti zida zapulasitiki "sizingathe kulowa mpweya."tikhoza kuyang'ana pamwamba pa zipangizo za PE ndi PP pansi pa microscope yamagetsi yamagetsi yamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo tikhoza kuona kuti pali mabowo muzinthu, zomwe zimatipangitsa kuzindikira kuti zipangizo zapulasitiki ndizokha Zili ndi mlingo wina wa permeability.
Kodi m'pofunika kuti tiganizire zotchinga katundu wa zodzikongoletsera? Yankho ndi inde.M'malo mwake, pakupanga zopangira chakudya, zotchinga zapakhomo ndizofunika kwambiri ngati katundu wosindikiza.Zimagwira ntchito posunga mtundu, kutsitsimuka, kukoma komanso moyo wa alumali wa chakudya.Komabe, pakupanga zopangira zodzikongoletsera, kusindikiza kumagogomezedwa nthawi zambiri ndikunyalanyaza zotchinga katundu wa phukusi.Ichi ndichifukwa chake pakukulitsa zodzoladzola zenizeni, zonona kapena mafuta odzola okhala ndi ma CD okhazikika amakumana.Patapita nthawi, zinapezeka kuti zokometserazo zinali zokhuthala, ndipo sizikanatheka kugwiritsidwa ntchito nkomwe;Panalinso mitundu ina yomwe imakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimasokonekera, zomwe zidalowa pang'onopang'ono kudzera muzoyikamo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa zosakaniza zogwira ntchito.Chifukwa chake, ntchito yotchinga pakuyikayo iyenera kuganiziridwa pakupanga zodzoladzola zodzikongoletsera kuti zitsimikizire kukhudzidwa kwa khungu, kuteteza chitetezo ndikukulitsa alumali moyo wa chinthucho. Pokhapokha kumvetsetsa bwino tanthauzo la zotchinga katundu ndi njira yolowera yazinthu, ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zimathandizira zotchinga katundu wa polima. zipangizo, tingathe kusankha ma CD zipangizo ndi katundu chotchinga choyenera malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni pakupanga zodzoladzola ma CD, kuti tichite bwino.
Pali zikalata pankhani ya kafukufuku wa polima zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kuti zida za polima zikhale ndi zotchinga zabwino, ziyenera kukhala ndi izi:
1. Mulingo wina wa polarity.Mwachitsanzo, pali maatomu a fluorine mu unyolo wa maselo, magulu a hydroxyl ndi magulu a ester;monga momwe tawonetsera mu Table 1, zolepheretsa mpweya wa polyvinyl mowa wokhala ndi magulu a hydroxyl pamagulu am'mbali a unyolo wa maselo ndi abwino kwambiri kuposa polyethylene.
2. Unyolo wa polima uli wokhazikika kwambiri ndipo ndi wosavuta kulowa;
3.Chifukwa cha symmetry, dongosolo, crystallization kapena orientation ya mamolekyu, maunyolo a polima amatha kunyamula mwamphamvu;ma polima ena amatha kukhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a crystallization.High crystallinity ikhoza kubweretsa zabwino zotchinga katundu.Table 2 pansipa ikufanizira zotchinga mpweya wa polyolefins pamiyezo yosiyanasiyana ya crystallinity.Nthawi zambiri, crystallinity yapamwamba imakhala yocheperako.
Mayendedwe a unyolo wa ma polymer molekyulu amakhudza kwambiri zotchinga zake.Kwa ma polima aamorphous, ma chain chain orientation amatha kuchepetsa kulowa ndi 10-15%.Kwa ma polima a crystalline, kuchepa kwa 50% kumatha kuwonedwa.Kuwongolera kuli ndi ubale wapadera ndi kuwomba kwa botolo.Chifukwa chake, ndizothandiza kwambiri kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a botolo powongolera momwe akuwongolera panthawi yakuwomba kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito chotchinga chotchinga kunja kwa botolo.Mwachitsanzo, zolepheretsa mpweya wa PP, PS ndi PET zipangizo pambuyo pa kuwongolera zimakhala bwino kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe zilibe mawonekedwe, ndi elongation The chotchinga katundu wa PET ndi mlingo wa 500% ndi pafupifupi 50% apamwamba kuposa asanakhale osadziwika.
4. Pali mphamvu yolumikizana kapena kukopa pakati pa unyolo wa polima ndi unyolo;
5.Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa galasi
Nthawi zambiri, ma polima ozungulira okhala ndi mamolekyu osavuta amakhala ndi malo okhazikika okhazikika komanso zotchinga zapamwamba, koma mafupa akulu amzere amakhala ndi zoyezera zazikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kusasunthika kosasunthika komanso kuchepa kwa zotchinga.?
"Kusiyanasiyana kwazinthu zopangira ndi kuumba kumakhudzanso zotchinga zazinthu.Sankhani ma polima okhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zopangira kuti mupeze zida zotchinga zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, zotchinga za LLDPE ndi LDPE ndizotsika kuposa za HDPE.Pogwiritsira ntchito mapaipi amtundu umodzi, LLDPE, LDPE ndi HDPE akhoza kusakanikirana kuti apange phukusi la payipi lomwe lili ndi katundu wina wotchinga ndipo ndilosavuta kutentha kusindikiza;mwachitsanzo, EVOH ndi copolymer ya ethylene / vinilu mowa, umene ndi unyolo dongosolo The crystalline polima amaphatikiza processability wabwino wa polyethylene ndi apamwamba kwambiri mpweya chotchinga katundu wa polyvinyl mowa.Kukhalapo kwa magawo a mowa wa polar vinyl mu tcheni cha molekyulu kumapangitsanso kukhala kwabwino kwa zosungunulira zopanda polar monga ma hydrocarbon.Zotchinga katundu.Kukhalapo kwa magawo omwe si a polar ethylene kumatha kusintha zotchinga zake ku zosungunulira za polar monga madzi.Komabe, pali magulu a hydroxyl mumapangidwe a maselo a EVOH resins.EVOH resins ndi hydrophilic ndi hygroscopic.Pambuyo kuyamwa chinyezi, Ntchito yotchinga mpweya imakhudzidwa, kotero ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosanjikiza wambiri kukulunga EVOH utomoni wosanjikiza ndi utomoni wamphamvu wotchinga chinyezi monga polyolefin kuti apange zinthu zophatikizika zokhala ndi zotchinga zabwino kwambiri.
kugwiritsa ntchito zida zotchinga muzopaka zodzikongoletsera
Pakalipano, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zolembera zotchinga m'munda wa zodzikongoletsera zili mu nthawi yomwe ikukula.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba zotchinga zazikulu zimaphatikizapo zojambulazo za aluminiyamu, polyvinyl mowa (PVA), ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), nayiloni (PA), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc. Aluminium zojambulazo, PVA, ndi EVOH ndi zipangizo zotchinga kwambiri , ndipo PA ndi PET ali ndi zotchinga zofanana ndipo ndi zipangizo zapakati zotchinga.
Kwa zodzoladzola zamapaipi, ngati mankhwalawo ali ndi zotchinga zapamwamba, mitundu itatu yotsatirayi ya mapaipi apulasitiki otchinga amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
1. Aluminiyamu-pulasitiki yopangidwa ndi payipi, mawonekedwe ake enieni ndi PE / PE + EAA / AL / PE + EAA / PE, yomwe imapangidwa ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu ndi filimu ya pulasitiki kupyolera mu co-extrusion ndikuphatikizidwa mu mapepala ndiyeno mapaipi.Chotchinga chachikulu ndi Chotchinga katundu wa aluminiyamu zojambulazo wosanjikiza makamaka zimadalira pinhole digiri ya zojambulazo aluminiyamu.Pamene makulidwe a zojambulazo za aluminiyumu ukuwonjezeka, chotchinga katundu kumawonjezeka;
2. Paipi yazitsulo zonse za pulasitiki, mawonekedwe ake enieni ndi PE / PE / EVOH / PE / PE, onse amapangidwa ndi pulasitiki, ndipo chotchinga chake chimakhala EVOH kapena PET oxide-plated.Pamene makulidwe a EVOH akuwonjezeka, chotchinga chimakulitsidwa;
3. Zisanu zosanjikiza pulasitiki co-extrusion payipi, kapangidwe kake ndi PE/MAH-PE/EVOH/MAH-PE/PE, yopangidwa ndi mapulasitiki angapo palimodzi ndi wononga extrusion nthawi imodzi kupanga pepala, lomwe ndi yopangidwanso ndi EVOH Kutengera chotchinga.
Kwa zodzoladzola zopangira filimu
Makanema otchinga wamba amaphatikizanso mafilimu otsekereza otchinga, mafilimu opangira ma laminating (composite youma, composite yopanda zosungunulira, zomatira zotentha zosungunuka,